1. Abdulmyanov T. R. – Engelhardt Astronomical Observatory

On the formation of small celestial bodies

Abstract

The problem of the initial formation of celestial bodies in gas-dust disks is considered. The formation of small bodies and the growth of their sizes and masses, according to the simulation results, occurs under the influence of quasi-periodic and vortex motions in gas-dust disks. The appearance of a single “embryo” of a planet in protoplanetary rings is explained by the result of the orbital resonance mechanism 1/1. The formation of Saturn’s ice rings and Jupiter’s orbital asteroids occur near equilibrium circular orbits. In this regard, the influence of transients on the formation of ice blocks in the rings of Saturn has been investigated.

2. Ibragimov A. A. – Institute of Astrophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan

Ionization of cometary molecules by solar wind protons

Abstract

Currently, there are different opinions about the dominant mechanism of ionization of cometary molecules, but none of the mechanisms can explain the observed features of the comet plasma. The phenomenon of ion-ion emission is discussed as a possible mechanism of primary ionization of cometary molecules. To study the rate of ion formation from the icy surface of the comet nucleus, a special technique has been developed that provides conditions simulating the effects of the solar wind. The results of the simulated values confirm the effects observed on the surface of the comet nucleus.